Vapor-converter and circuits therefor.



P. H. THOMAS. VERIPEE? AND CIRCUITS THEREFO A ii OR 0 0 N Patented M21129, 19.35

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LISLQQQ? Z .0 m u 3 P. H-. THOMAS.

VAPOR CONVERTER AND GIRCUIT$ THEREFOR. APPLIOATIO N FILED APR. 25, 1905. RENEWED JUNE 21, 1910 Ll 81,292.

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Patentegd Mar. 9, 1915.

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PERCY H. THGMAS, 0F MONTCLAIR, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGLNOR,'BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO COUPLER HEWITT ELECTRIU COMPANY, 03:" HOBOKEN, NEWJEEJSIEY, A-GORPQRA prion or .unwmnsn'r.

VAPORr-CON AND CIRCUITS: THEREFOR,

memes To all 20710221 it may concern: 1

Be it, knowinthet I, PERCY ll. TnoMAs, o citizen of the United States, and resident of Montcloir, county of Essex, State of New Jersemhave invented certain new and use ful Improvements in Vapor-Converters and Circuits Thereior, of which the following is a specification.

A method which is 110W common of keeping olive a single-phase vapor electric apparatus is that of causing the rectified current to pass through. an inductance which is ca;- polole of storing energy and restoring it portion of the stored energy, to the apparatus to prevent the cessotionoficurrent at the natural zero point of the generator. When this method of operation is employed, it is nccessorg that the choke 'oil should store a suilicient amount oi energy during one ul terne'tion to continue the flow oi? current until it a,

torjand in doing the cliche oil or other inductrmce device must supply all the energy loss due to the flow of the rectified cur rent. liny means which will reduce the amount of energy required to be stored, such the lessening ofohmic resistance in u portron of this circuit will tion of the device and introduce economy in the system. This result may be attained by the passage oi the providing a path for current which is stored in the choke coil Without traversing the full end-natural 'cir cuit.

' In the drawings which accompany and form a port of this specification I hoveillustinted diegrzunniuticnlly two u'iodes of keep-- ing vapor electric apparatus alive under the conditions set forth above.

Figure 1 shows this method of keeping a Vapor apparatus olive applied to a rectifier or converter, Fig. 2 shows its application to a vapor lump. Fig. 3 shows a modification In 2, for example. l have shown vapor apparatus in the form of :i vapor lamp, 1, having u negative electrode, 2, of inerciurv, and positive electrodes, and 4, constituting the main positive "electrodes of the apparatus. In uddition to the electrodes l- 'l ro"-;idc a supplemental positive clcctrmle, 5, which in the present instance is connected by u conductor, 1, to the circuit leading from the negetiio electrode 2. In

Speclficetion of Letters Patent.

"point Where the conductor in reinforced by the genera fucilitutethe opere larger or smaller Patented Blur, 9, 31915.

Application filed April 25, 1905, Serial No. 257,362. Renewed June 21, 1910. Serialli'o. 588,17!)

terposed between the said electrode and the 6 oins the circuit leading from the electrode is o chokoooil, 7, Whilethe conductor from the negative else-- trode is connected on the other side to an intermediate point of the secondary, 8, of a, transformer Whose primary is shown, at 9. The terminals of the secondary are connected, one to the positive electrode 8 and the other to the positive electrode 4t through suitable resistance, 10, 11.

In the organization illustrated in Fig. 2 the supplemental positive electrode 5 is terminal 01"? the choke coil 7 which is not in connection with the negative electrode Under these circunistonccs, while the choke coil storing energy, its electroqnot-ivoforcc is in such a directionus to be opposed in the shunt circuit by u temporary negative electrode rcsistunce of the trode. At the time or" dischurging energy,

supplemental positive clec cholre coil is'in such a direction as to cause the supplemental positive electrode to not as positive electrode vi'or the current transmitted to the main negative electrode of the apparatus, thus maintaining it continuous flow of current in one direction. through the device.

The described arrangement is often of very great advantage. 'lhere are instances, however, Where the fact that so large :1 portion of the stored energy is withheld from the nuiin Work-circuit acts as a, disudvcn tugs. In such cases it is possible to pass :1 portion of the energy stored in the choke coil through the loud and at the some time to pass enough energy through it icy-path to prevent the total ces-' choke coil to maintain tl'u'ough the Whole.

eriod of insullicient sumlv a through the Work circuit. This result'muy be attained by means of an orguuizzitioir such us is illus uted in F 1 Where on ohmic resistance or impedance, 1), is introduced into the shunt circuit connected with the supplen'ieutul positive electrode. The action under from what has already been said.

.In further explanation it may be noted 0 urrent these circumstances is clear that at the time of the gradual failure of the supply electro-motive-t'oree the diminishing current is supported by the energy already stored in the inductance 7 which produces an electro-motive-force in such a direction. as to continue the flow of current from the negative electrode. This force has a choice of two paths, one through the load which offers a' certain resistance, the other through the shunt circuit 6, which also otters a. difierentresistance; that is to say, the current passing through the inductance 7 will divide into two parts, the relative proportions of which are determined by the relative resistances of the two paths open to it. Thereis, however, this dinerence in thecharacter of the resistance in. the alternative paths -the shunt ohmic in its nature and the circuit containing the load may be of the nature of a counter electromotive-force in which case it may force no current through this path. This may be explained as follows: The electro-mot-iveforce supplied from the choke coil 7 together with any residual electro motive-force from the source must exceed the counter electromotive-force in the load, it any current is to flow in the load circuit. As, however, the same voltage is impressed upon the shunt circuit as upon the load circuit, cur-' rent will flow over the shunt circuit up to the point that its resistance voltage plus any losses is equal to the voltage impressed,

upon the load branch. As the energy of the coil '7 becomes exhausted. the current falls in value'but the applied electro-motiveforce remains approximately constant until the point is reached at which the current in the inductance coil, 7 does not exceed the current taken by the shunt circuit when current immediately ceases in the load branch. The remaining energy of the choke coil 7 is thereafter discharged through the shunt circuit until charging begins again in virtue of the return of electro-motive-foree from the supply. It is evident that this arrangement while being very suitable in many cases, involves the loss of a certain amount of stored energy in the resistance 12. This loss may he often avoided by the use ofa chokecoil instead of the resistance. This choke coil takes little orno current at the time of abundant storage of ener,, Y in the inductance 7 on account of its choking power, but gradually stores energy as the in ductance is discharging and finally when the inductance ha s become nearly discharged the choke coil will restore its stored energy through the shunt circuit thus serving to maintain the apparatus alive. In consequence of the fact that during the charging of the choke coil 7 current will cease to flow through the choke coil. in the sluuit circuit, each cycle is a repetition of the cycle before, and no permanent current is established in electro-motivethe shunt. For example, such an arrangement is shown in 3 in which the choke coil '15 is inserted between the lead of the electrode 5 and the conductor 6. This choke coil 15 serves in a somewhat similar manner to the resistance 12 as just described.

lnFig. 2 the lamp 1 itself may be considered as constituting the major portion of the work circuit. In Fig. 1 I show a separate Workcircuit containing translating devices, 13, 13, the same being interposed between an intermediate point of the secondary 8 and the negative electrode 2. The translating device 1 shown in Fig. 2 is replaced in Fig.

,1 by a vapor converter, 14.

I claim as my invention 1. vapor electric apparatus provided with main positive electrodes, a common negative electrode, and a supplemental positive electrode, in combination with an alternating current source and circuits connect ing the apparatus thereto, the said circuits including an inductance, and a shunt circuit including the said inductance and also including the common negative electrode, the supplemental positive electrode and an in terposed impedance. i

2. In a system of electrical distribution, the combination with a vapor rectifier in cluding an hermetically sealed and com pletely exhausted container and a plurality ofelectrodes therein, one at least of which is a vaporizable reconstructing cathode, aworl: circuit and suitable connections therefor, of means for storing energy at times of abundant supply and a supplementary circuit including an auxiliary anode for discharging energy thus stored through the said container, and means in said last named supplementary circuit to divide the stored energy between the normal'circuit and the supplements ry circuit.

3. The combination with. an alternating supply, an hermetically sealed and completely exhausted container, a plurality of anodes. and a vaporizable reconstructing cathode therein, an inductance connected in the lead to the cathode and connections between said inductancc and. the source, of an impedance connected between an anode Y and that terminal of the inductance remote its cause the energy stored at times of abundant supplyfimdivide between. the nemm-i aircuit 5nd the shunt circix'i'hwhile this wergy em 5 Qeeds a qertam mmlmum.

The mmbimvtion, with 5115 fifixemajng supply, an hegmetmally smleci 132d. cam:

gypmteiy exhausted container, a;.jiuzra1ity 0f ansdeas am a, wilfmri'zable jzfamnstruating L7 cathode, therein, an indu'gztmce connected inlthe lead to the cathofie and mrmections that terminal of 4351:3111 "mm-110a 1' betwesn sa-ici inducmma and. the a resxstance comwc man an. w and 911mm mm that connected to the cathode,

Signd at New York, in 5.11 county of Haw York, and 8mm of New York, zhis 21st day of April, A. D" 1905. 1

VVM. H. CAPEL, THOS. H. BROWN. 

